With so many remarkable things happening
in the science and tech worlds, it’s hard to
choose which to talk about. Here are a few
ongoing developments worth keeping your
eyes on.
Medicine
Stem Cell Heart Generation– For the first time, a
human heart has been created using stem
cells, a major step forward in organ
generation. A couple years ago
scientists rebuilt the heart of a rat using stem
cells; the same team is behind the latest
breakthrough. If all goes as planned, the heart
will continue to grow and eventually begin
beating automatically. The implications of this
development are huge, including overcoming
the problems of transplanting donated hearts.
More info
Hybrid MRI / PET Imaging – Simultaneous
positron emission tomography (PET) and
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could
provide the broadest spectrum of diagnostics
possible, at least by current-tech standards.
MRI is especially useful for examining soft
tissues in the body, and when combined with
PET (which is better at structural evaluation)
it can provide extremely detailed imaging of
organ tissue. The duo would work especially
well in evaluating the true extent of liver
damage, as one example, without exposure to
high levels of radiation. The problem is that
these technologies don’t play well together, so
integrating them is no small challenge. More
info
Applied Sciences & Engineering
Mimicking Porosity in Nature – “Graduated
porosity” in beehives, trees, seashells, bones
and many other marvels of nature allows
these materials to endure incredible stress
without compromising the integrity of the
entire structure. Bones, for example, can
fracture in one place without affecting the
rest of the bone. The problem is that these
structures have evolved for specific purposes,
and it’s not easy to synthesize eons of
complexity. We are, however, getting closer to
figuring out what clams and bees already
know. More info
Nano Batteries - Scientists have created the
equivalent of a rechargeable lithium-ion
battery the size of a nanowire, thousands of
times smaller than a human hair. But unlike
previous nanobatteries, this one is actually
built right into a nanowire. This infinitesimal
power source could provide nanomachines
with the continuous power needed to
accomplish whatever uses they’re designed
for, such as exploring the cardiovascular
system of a heart disease patient. More info
Transparent Batteries – While we’re talking
about batteries, it’s worth noting the first
completely transparent battery was created
this year. Developing a transparent power
source was the last obstacle to creating
transparent digital gadgets.
Plasma Arc Waste Disposal – Imagine
harnessing the power of lightning to turn
garbage into glass, or into a gas that can be
used as an energy source. This technology is
gaining momentum in the waste disposal
industry and is even in use at some solid
waste facilities. The advantages include less
garbage in landfills, less carbon from
incineration, and creating a natural gas
power resource. The problem: it’s expensive
technology, and in these days of economic
woes few public entities can afford it. More
info
Ocean Desalination – The U.S. lags behind the
Middle East and Australia in figuring out
ways to remove salt from ocean water to
make it drinkable, but the technology is being
used in a handful of coastal cities and we can
expect several more desalination plants to
launch sooner than later. Brackish water
desalination is already widely used
throughout the country. Two big questions
facing ocean desalination: (1) how badly will
it disrupt the ocean’s ecosystem, and (2) what
to do with the salt brine? More info
Information Technology
Paperless Paper – For us stubborn paper lovers,
there may soon be a product available that
provides the look and feel of paper, with the
advantages of a digital device. In fact, the
technology is already available, though it
hasn’t yet translated into a marketable
product. It’s called electronic paper (not to be
confused with digital paper, a different
technology). Before long, the plastic shell of e-
readers may not be needed and you’ll be able
to handle “paper” books, magazines, etc with
all the bells and whistles your Kindle or Nook
provides now. More info.
Neuroscience
Using EEG to Put the Brakes On - Researchers
have been exploring how to harness brain
signals via electroencephalography (EEG) for
several years, with some remarkable
advances. Now a group of German scientists
have figured out how to use EEG to put the
brakes on a moving vehicle. This is a big deal
because the normal reaction time for a person
to apply the brakes is often too long to
prevent an accident. The scientists showed
that using EEG, they reduced braking distance
by nearly four meters–the length of an
average-sized car. More info
DNA Neural Networks - Researchers at the
California Institute of Technology say they
have created the first DNA neural network
that ”thinks.” They used DNA molecules to
build four neurons made up of 112 distinct
DNA strands. The amazing part is that the
network can be trained to play memory
games and come up with correct answers. If
this all sounds a little strange, that’s because it
is…but it’s also incredibly cool.